C / C++

Computer Programming C / C++ 

 Total Marks: 100       Theory Marks: 50         Practical Marks: 50

C / C++ Course contents are divided into Eight(8) categories

   1.) What is C / C++

   2.) Basic Elements of C / C++

   3.) Structure of C / C++

   4.) Output Statements

   5.) Input Statements

   6.) Making Decisions 

   7.) Looping

   8.) Standard Library and Function

1.) What is C / C++

Introduction of C Language:

C is a high-level structured oriented programming language, used in general-purpose

programming, developed by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell Labs, the USA between 1969 and 1973.

History of C Language:

1. It is good to learn about the history of C programming. C was developed and written by Dennis M. Ritchie in the year 1972, and hence he is known as the founder of C.
2. C programming language was developed to overcome the difficulties found in older programming languages such as BCPL, BASIC, B, etc.
3. C is imperative language and designed to compile in a relatively straightforward manner which provides low-level access to the memory. 
4. With the gradual increase in the popularity of the program, the language and its compiler have become available on a wide range of platforms from embedded microcontrollers to super computers.

Features of C Language:

1. In 1988, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) had formalized the C language.
2. C was invented to write UNIX operating system.
3. C is a successor of 'Basic Combined Programming Language' (BCPL) called B language.
4. Linux OS, PHP, and MySQL are written in C.
5. C has been written in assembly language.

Advantages of C Language:

1. C is the building block for many other programming languages. 
2. Programs written in C are highly portable. 
3. Several standard functions are there (like in-built) that can be used to develop programs. 
4. C programs are collections of C library functions, and it's also easy to add functions to the C library. 
5. The modular structure makes code debugging maintenance, and testing easier.

Disadvantages / Weakness of C Language:

1. C does not provide Object Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts.
2. There are no concepts of Namespace in C.
3. C does not provide binding or wrapping up of data in a single unit.
4. C does not provide Constructor and Destructor.

Limitations of C Language:

1. Difficult to debug.
2. C allows a lot of freedom in writing code, and that is why you can put an empty line or white space anywhere in the program. And because there is no fixed place to start or end the line, so it is difficult to read and understand the program.
3. C compilers can only identify errors and are incapable of handling exceptions (run-time errors).
4. C provides no data protection.
5. It also doesn't feature reusability of source code extensively.
6. It does not provide strict data type checking (for example an integer value can be passed for floating data type).

Introduction of C++

C++ is a multi-paradigm programming language that supports object-oriented programming (OOP), created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983 at Bell Labs, C++ is an extension(superset) of C programming and the programs are written in C language can run in C++ compilers.